This project studies Portuguese musical folklore (PMF) practices in the 21st century. It examines current debates on participation in local social life, the role of small political cohorts in times of crisis, and the musical movement built around ecological values. It also explores culture as ecosystems, the transformation of culture in tourist destinations, the impact of the proclamation of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, and the conflicts between creativity and commerce/audiences, as well as authenticity and “world versions” in music festivals and industries.